FORENSIA

THREAT_ACTOR · G1012

CURIUM

Also known as: CURIUM, Crimson Sandstorm, TA456, Tortoise Shell, Yellow Liderc

Profile

CURIUM is an Iranian threat group, first reported in September 2019 and active since at least July 2018, targeting IT service providers in the Middle East. CURIUM has since invested in building relationships with potential targets via social media over a period of months to establish trust and confidence before sending malware. Security researchers note CURIUM has demonstrated great patience and persistence by chatting with potential targets daily and sending benign files to help lower their security consciousness.

MITRE ATT&CK ↗

Techniques

19 ATT&CK techniques attributed to this actor.

Software

1 malware/tools attributed to this actor.

IMAPLoader

Related corpus activity

9,696 indicators EXHIBIT techniques this actor uses. This is a shared-technique signal, not a first-party attribution to CURIUM.

IndicatorTypeFamilySevSrc
cve-2020-17456cve851
cve-2025-34085cve851
cve-2025-34054cve854
cve-2021-4045cve851
cve-2013-7471cve851
cve-2025-12057cve851
cve-2025-11837cve852
cve-2016-15047cve854
cve-2018-8007cve851
cve-2023-44976cveransomware852
cve-2025-2492cve852
cve-2017-18377cve851
cve-2026-1969cve851
cve-2026-3844cve851
cve-2021-27076cve851
cve-2013-3307cve852
cve-2016-5681cve852
cve-2025-68670cve852
cve-2024-1781cve851
cve-2022-47945cve851
cve-2014-2321cve851
cve-2026-3102cve853
cve-2020-22653cve852
cve-2020-22658cve852
cve-2025-34117cve851
cve-2026-4368cveransomware851
cve-2021-25646cve851
cve-2021-29441cve851
cve-2026-0740cve851
cve-2025-7443cve851

Showing the top 30 by severity of 9,696.